Reverse Osmosis
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The process of reverse osmosis entails pressurizing and passing
impure water through a semi-permeable membrane. This results in removal of many
impurities. The impurities that are removed results in water that is approximately
90 percent free of mineral and biological contaminants. The effectiveness of
the process of reverse osmosis depends upon two factors which are the quality
of the membrane and the pressure of the water. These two factors help to determine
how effectively the water separates the contaminants.
Reverse Osmosis units are very efficient
in removal of both organic and inorganic chemicals. These units remove substantial
amounts of inorganic chemicals such as salts, metals and minerals, most microorganisms
and many organic chemicals. However, the efficiency of reverse osmosis units
in the removal of some organic compounds such as nitrate is suspect. Despite
this, they are still able to somewhat reduce their levels.
As a unwritten rule, Mechanical filters as well as activated carbon filters
are always used with a reverse osmosis unit. The sequence of
the train commences with the mechanical filter. The mechanical
filter first removes impurities such as dirt, sediment and other impurities
that could clog the membrane of the reverse osmosis unit. After the mechanical
filter comes the reverse osmosis unit. The water after the reverse osmosis unit
is then passed through an activated carbon filter. This filter now removes some
organic compounds which manage to pass through the reverse osmosis unit. This
completes the train of filters for water purification. Despite these elaborate
arrangements, Nitrates still pass through carbon filters.
Reverse osmosis units while being quite efficient are expensive to purchase
and require regular maintenance. These units are also very wasteful of water
and use water in large quantities. It is normal that of the water that is passed
through the unit, over three fourth is discarded with the contaminants. Just
for this reason, these systems may not be very appropriate for households that
have a limited water supply. As a routine practice, these units are connected
only to the drinking water line. Usually they are installed under the kitchen
sink and that is where they get connected to the cooking and drinking line.
Installation of reverse osmosis units
also requires regular testing of the water supply to make sure that the membrane
is intact and the process of water filtration is taking place as desired.
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